The weighted average of all possible outcomes, calculated by multiplying each outcome's value by its probability of occurrence and summing the results. In business decision-making, it is used to compare options and select the one with the highest expected profit — for example, summing probability-weighted revenue figures for each scenario and subtracting costs.

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• 2011h23a #100A さんは，会員顧客を対象にした販促活動を行うことを検討している。そこで，表 1 に示す四つの販売促進策を考え，それぞれの費用と効果の金額を見込んだ。効果に関し…