Vertical integration is a business strategy in which a company expands its operations by internalizing upstream (e.g., manufacturing) or downstream (e.g., distribution, retail) activities within its supply chain, often through acquisitions or subsidiary formation. The goals include greater control, cost reduction, and supply security.

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• 2017h29h #8企業の事業展開における垂直統合の事例として，適切なものはどれか。